Early-early version of Windows
Windows 1.0
The first version of Microsoft Windows, called Windows 1.0, released on 20 November 1985 . This version has many shortcomings in some of the functionality, making it less popular in the market. At first Windows version 1.0 is going to called Interface Manager, but Rowland Hanson , head of marketing at Microsoft Corporation , Microsoft convinced the company that the name "Windows" will be more appealing to consumers. Windows 1.0 is not a complete operating system, but just extending the capabilities of MS-DOS with the addition of a graphical interface. In addition, Windows 1.0 also has the same problems and weaknesses that are owned by MS-DOS .
Furthermore, Apple is demanding Microsoft to make Microsoft's limited abilities. For example, windows in Windows 1.0 can only be displayed on the screen are "tiled" so that windows can not overwrite each other each other. In addition, there is no such place used to store the file before it is deleted (Recycle Bin), since Apple believes that they have rights to that paradigm. Microsoft later removed both of these limitations by signing a license agreement with Apple.
Windows 2.x
Windows version 2 came out on December 9 in 1987 , and became slightly more popular than its predecessor. Most gained popularity because of its proximity to graphical applications made by Microsoft, Microsoft Excel for Windows and Microsoft Word for Windows .Windows applications can be run from MS-DOS, and then enter Windows to perform operations, and will come out by itself when the application is closed.
Microsoft Windows eventually obtained a significant improvement when Aldus PageMaker appeared in versions for Windows, which previously could only walk on the Macintosh. Some experts noted this computer historians as the emergence of an application that behavior is significantly other than Microsoft's initial success as Microsoft Windows.
Windows version 2.0x using memory model real-mode , which is only able to access up to 1 megabyte of memory. In such configurations, Windows can run applications multitasking others, such DESQview, which runs in protected mode offered by the Intel 80286 .
Windows 2.1x
Furthermore, two new versions were released, namely 2.1 and Windows/386 Windows/286 2.1. As with previous Windows versions, Windows/286 using memory model real-mode , but it was the first version that supports the High Memory Area (HMA). Windows/386 2.1 has a kernel that runs in protected mode with emulation Expanded Memory Specification (EMS) standard Lotus-Intel-Microsoft (LIM), the predecessor specification Extended Memory Specification (XMS), which would finally change the topology of the IBM PC. All Windows and DOS-based applications when it was running in real mode, which runs on the protected mode kernel using the mode virtual 8086 , which is a new feature which is owned by the Intel 80386 .
2:03 Version 3.0 and later versions have demand from Apple because it is version 2.1 this has the appearance of windows in a cascade mode (stacked), in addition to several features of the operating system of Apple Macintosh is "imitated" by Windows, the main problem of the appearance / look and feel. Judge William 189 Schwarzer eventually cancel all the charges, except the nine charges had been filed by Apple against Microsoft on January 5 1989 .
Success with Windows 3.0
Microsoft Windows eventually achieve significant success when stepping on version 3.0, released in 1990 . In addition to offering increased capabilities to Windows applications, Windows 3.0 is also able to allow users to run several MS-DOS applications simultaneously (multitasking), because this version has been introduced virtual memory . This version is precisely what makes the IBM PC and kompatibelnya serious challenger to the Apple Macintosh . This is due to the increased graphics processing performance at that time (with the graphics card Video Graphics Array (VGA)), and also protected mode / 386 Enhanced mode that allows Windows applications to use more memory with an easier way than what offered by MS-DOS.
Windows 3.0 can run in three modes, namely the real-mode, standard mode, and 386 Enhanced mode, and is compatible with the Intel family of processors from Intel 8086 / 8088 , 80 286 , up to 80 386 . Windows 3.0 will try to detect which mode to use, although users can force Windows to work in a particular mode only by using certain switches when running it
win /r: force Windows to run in real modewin /s: forcing Windows to run in standard modewin /3: forcing Windows to run in 386 Enhanced mode.
Version 3.0 is also the first version of Windows that runs in protected mode, although the 386 enhanced mode kernel was an enhanced version of the kernel from the kernel in protected mode Windows/386.
Because of the features of backward compatibility , Windows 3.0 applications must be compiled using the environment 16-bit , so that did not use the ability of the microprocessor Intel 80386, which is actually a processor 32-bit .
Windows 3.0 is also present in the version of " multimedia ", referred to as Windows 3.0 with Multimedia Extensions 1.0, which was released several months later. This version is bundled with the existence of "multimedia upgrade kit", consisting of drives CD-ROM and asound card , like Creative Labs Sound Blaster Pro . This version is the pioneer of all the multimedia features included in later versions of Windows, like Windows 3.1 and Windows for Workgroups , and become part of the specification Microsoft Multimedia PC .
The features mentioned above and market support software application that makes Windows 3.0 is growing very successfully in the market.Noted, within two years prior to the release version of Windows 3.1, Windows 3.0 sold 10 million copies. Finally, Windows 3.0 was a major source of revenue to Microsoft, and Microsoft did make some revisions to the original plan.
Switching temporarily to the OS / 2
During the mid to late 1980s , Microsoft and IBM work together in developing an operating system successor to DOS , called the IBM OS / 2.OS / 2 can use all the capabilities offered by microprocessor Intel 80286 and be able to access the memory to 16 megabytes . OS / 2 1.0 was released in 1987 , which features the swapping and multitasking , in addition to permit application of MS-DOS to run on it.
OS / 2 version 1.0 is just an operating system -based text mode / command line only. OS / 2 version 1.1, released in 1988 offers a graphical interface, called Presentation Manager (PM). Presentation Manager uses the same coordinate system with Cartesian coordinates , in contrast with the Windows operating system and some other GUI systems. The use of a coordinate system causes the point x, y 0.0 on OS / 2 is placed on the lower left corner of the screen, while on Windows, peletakannya at the top left corner. OS / 2 version 1.2, released in 1989, introduces a new file system, called the High Performance File System (HPFS), which is intended to replace the file system File Allocation Table (FAT).
In the early 1990s, the relationship between Microsoft and IBM were stretched due to the appearance of a conflict. This is because they work together in developing a personal computer operating systems respectively (IBM with OS / 2 and Microsoft with its Windows), both have access to the code of each operating system. Microsoft requires the further development of the Windows operating system homemade, while IBM has a desire that all future work should be made based on the operating system OS / 2. In an attempt to end this conflict, IBM and Microsoft finally agreed that IBM would develop the IBM OS / 2 version 2.0, to replace the OS / 2 version 1.3 and Windows 3.0, while Microsoft had to develop a new operating system, OS / 2 version 3.0, which will then replace the OS / 2 version 2.0.
This Agreement also does not last long, so the relationship IBM and Microsoft was terminated. IBM eventually continue development of OS / 2, while Microsoft change the name of the operating system OS / 2 version 3.0 (unreleased) to Windows NT. Both still have the right to use the technology, OS / 2 and Windows that have been formed until the termination agreement, however, Windows NT was really written as a new operating system and largely independent code of the code IBM OS / 2.
After version 1.3 was released to to justify some problem in OS / 2 version 1.x, IBM finally released OS / 2 version 2.0 in 1992. Version 2.0 offers a significant improvement, which is a GUI object-oriented , which is called the Workplace Shell (WPS), which includes in it a desktop and is considered by many people is the best feature in the OS / 2. Microsoft was finally "plagiarized" some elements of the Workplace Shellon the operating system Windows 95 was released three years later. Version 2.0 also offers an API that fully supports 32-bit instructions ofIntel 80386 , which offers features multitasking a good and able to address memory up to 4 gigabytes . However, many things in the internal system still uses 16-bit code, which requires the device drivers must also be written using 16-bit code as well, besides of course a few other internal things. This is one reason why OS / 2 lack of hardware drivers. Version 2.0 also able to run DOS and Windows 3.0 applications, because IBM also still have the right to use codes DOS and Windows after "divorce" the relationship between them.
At that time, it is not clear who the winner in a race called the "Desktop Wars", but in the end the OS / 2 is not able to obtain significant market share even though IBM finally released some versions of OS / 2 is much more powerful again after the version 2.0.
The emergence of dualism: Windows 3.1 took to market a home-based and Windows NT down to the corporate market
Windows 3.1
In response to the release of the IBM OS / 2version 2.0 to market, Microsoft developedWindows 3.1 , which offers some minor improvements to Windows 3.0 (as well as the ability to display fonts TrueType Fonts , which was developed jointly by Apple ), and was also present in it fixes lots of bugs and support for multimedia . Version 3.1 also removes support for real mode , so that only runs in protected mode is only available to the microprocessor Intel 80286 or higher.Microsoft finally released Windows 3.11 , which is a version of Windows 3.1 that includes all patches and fixes are released after Windows 3.1 was launched in 1992 .
Windows for Workgroups
Around the same time, Microsoft released Microsoft Windows for Workgroups , which is available either in addition to Windows 3.1 and as a version of which is covered in them the basic environment and additional capabilities of Windows network in a packet. Windows for Workgroups includes drivers and computer network protocol stack better, and also supports a network of peer-to-peer . One optional download for Windows for Workgroups is a stack protocol TCP / IP with the code name "Wolverine", which allow access to the Internet through corporate networks. Windows for Workgroups was released in two versions, Windows for Workgroups 3.1 and Windows for Workgroups 3.11. Unlike previous Windows versions, Windows for Workgroups 3.11 only runs in 386 Enhanced mode, and requires at least a machine with a processor Intel 80386SX .
All versions are continuing to improve its rate of sales of the Windows version 3.x. Although Windows 3.1x still has many shortcomings, which were corrected by OS / 2 , such as long file names (more than 11 characters, in format
8.3 ), desktop , or a protection system against the behavior of unwanted applications, Microsoft quickly took over GUI market in the desktop market for IBM PCs and kompatibelnya.Windows API became the de-facto standard for consumer software.Windows NT
During that time, Microsoft continues to continue development of the operating system is new, called Windows NT . The main architect of Windows NT was Dave Cutler , who is one of the leaders of the operating system architect VMS at the company Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), which later bought by Compaq which is now part of Hewlett-Packard . Microsoft recruiting Cutler in 1988 to create a version of OS / 2 which is portable, but eventually Cutler instead create a new operating system.
Before moving to Microsoft, Cutler actually make a router operating system on DEC VMS, called Mica. And at the DEC officials to thwart the project, he came out of the DEC and brought many skilled workers with him to Microsoft. DEC have confidence that Cutler brings Mica code for use by Microsoft and demand it. Finally, Microsoft was defeated and eventually ordered to pay 150 million dollars in America and has an agreement to support the chip CPU buaan new DEC, DEC Alpha , which was then recorded as the fastest chip, in order to run in Windows NT.
Windows NT 3.1 (Microsoft marketing requires Windows NT to be seen as continuation of Windows 3.1) finally appears first in Beta form for software developers in July 1992 in an event the Professional Developers Conference (PDC) held in San Francisco , California , United States. Microsoft also announced its intention to develop an operating system successor to Windows NT as well as the successor to Windows 3.1 in the conference (which is code-named Chicago), which then would combine both into an operating system is coherent. The operating system was named Cairo.
It turned out that Cairo is a project that is more complex than what had been anticipated by Microsoft, and the results are NT and Chicago are not "united" to Windows XP was launched. Additionally, parts of Cairo have not appeared on the Microsoft Windows operating system to date. An example is a subsystem of WinFS , which is the implementation of the Object File System in Cairo, it was done by Microsoft in some time, but in the end Microsoft announced that they stop the development of WinFS and will combine technologies developed for WinFS in the Microsoft products and technologies that others, especially the Microsoft SQL Server .
Support device drivers for Windows NT is also not so much because it is developing drivers for Windows NT is considered complex by some developers, in addition to Windows NT also has a superiority in the model of the hardware abstraction . These problems have plagued all versions of Windows NT to Windows NT 5.0 ( Windows 2000 ) out to the market. The programmer also complained that the developing device drivers for Windows NT is something that is complicated, and hardware developers also do not want to risk for developing device drivers for an operating system that has limited market share. In addition, although Windows NT offers excellent performance and capable of exploiting the system resources more efficiently, in some systems with limited hardware, Windows NT is regarded as a wasteful system resources. This resulted in the emergence of public opinion that Windows NT is only suitable for large machines and also much more expensive (such as a workstation with DEC Alpha or Intel Pentium which at that time was still new). Windows NT is unable to work for private users because of its resource requirements are high. In addition, the GUI uses a GUI is just a copy of Windows 3.1, which is still far less when compared with the Workplace Shell of OS / 2 , so the reason for Windows NT is the replacement for Windows 3.1 does not make sense.
However, the features that make Windows NT tersebutlah the perfect choice for server market share of local network ( LAN ), which in 1993 is undergoing a massive boom, along with commodity network in the office has increased dramatically. Networking features in Windows NT offers several connectivity options are extensive networks and also of course the file system NTFS efficient. Windows NT 3.51 is the current belle of Microsoft's foray into this market, which then took over most of the market share previously owned by Novell Netware some years into the future.
One of the largest increases of Windows NT is the Application Programming Interface (API), a new 32-bit, which is made to replace the Windows API 16-bit long. 32-bit API is called with the Win32 API, and that is where Microsoft calls the API 16-bit long as Win16. Win32 API has three main implementations: one for Windows NT (which is a complete Win32 API with support for ANSI or Unicode ), one for Win32s(that is part of Win32 that can be used on a Windows 3.1 system), and also one for Chicago (which only supports ANSI). This leads to high compatibility between Chicago and Windows NT, although basically two systems are very much different when viewed from the base architecture.
Windows NT is the first Windows operating system made by using the kernel hybrid , after the previous versions only using monolithic kernelonly.
Windows 95
After Windows 3.11 , Microsoft began to develop a version of Windows are oriented to the user code-named Chicago. Chicago was designed to mmeiliki support for pre-emptive multitasking 32-bit as well as that contained in the OS / 2 and Windows NT, although the kernel is 16-bit is still there in it for reasons of backward compatibility. Win32 API first introduced in Windows NT was adopted as a standardprogramming interface -based new 32-bit , with compatibility with Win16 also maintained by using a technique called "thunking". GUI which is also owned by the new operating system , although not originally planned as part of the system operation when it was released. Indeed, some user interface elements of the Cairo borrowed and added to serve targeted operating system as another aspect of that version (notably Plug and Play ).
Microsoft does not replace all the Windows code to 32-bit; many parts of it remained 16-bit (although it does not use real mode direct), for reasons of backwards compatibility, performance and development time. This and the fact that many weaknesses in the design of earlier Windows versions, making this new operating system's efficiency and stability.
Finally, Microsoft's marketing division to use the name Windows 95 as a product name for Chicago when it was released on August 24 1995. Microsoft has two advantages of this release: 1) it is impossible for consumers to run Windows 95 on the operating system DOS not made Microsoft a much cheaper, 2) although traces of DOS were never completely removed from the system, even versions of the plug a version of DOS to be loaded as part of the boot process , Windows 95 runs on its own in the 386 Enhanced mode , using virtual memory and memory addressing model flat 32-bit. Features that make Win32 applications for maximum virtual RAM as much as 2 gigabytes (with 2 gigabytes ofthe rest are reserved for the operating system), and in theory prevents the application to the memory space owned by other Win32 applications without the approval of the operating system. In this case, the functionality of Windows 95 approaching what is owned by Windows NT, although Windows 95 / 98 / Me do not support more than 512 megabytes without editing the system configuration hassle.
Behind the success of Microsoft , IBM continued to market OS / 2 , to produce OS / 2 version 3.0 and OS / 2 Warp (version 4.0). IBM responded to complaints by consumers about the need for hardware high computer that requested by the OS / 2 version 2.0, OS / 2 version 3.0 was significantly more streamlined by optimizing the size and speed. Before Windows 95 was released, OS / 2 Warp 3.0 has even bundled in several major hardware providers in Germany. However, with the release of Windows 95, OS / 2 once again losing its market share back, was taken over by Windows 95.
It may not be possible to find out what is the reason why OS / 2 failed in getting a large market share. Although OS / 2 continued to run Windows 3.1 applications, in fact no shortage anymore, except on a small portion of the Windows API called Win32s . Unlike Windows 3.1, IBM does not have access to the source code of Windows 95 and do not want to use time and resources available to do the emulation of theWin32 API . IBM also introduced OS / 2 in the case United States vs. Microsoft , with the blame on the part of Microsoft's marketing tactics, but many people may agree that the problem in the marketing division of IBM and its support is very less than the software developers who cause failures OS / 2.
Before you replace it with a new Windows version, Microsoft released Windows 95 in five different versions, namely as follows:
- Windows 95 - the actual release of Windows 95
- Windows 95 A - includes an update of Windows 95 Original Service Release 1 (OSR1) are inserted directly on the installation.
- Windows 95 B - includes several other major reforms, such as file systems FAT32 , and Internet Explorer 3.0. This version also known as Windows 95 OSR2, or many people in Indonesia call it Windows 97.
- Windows 95 B USB - Windows 95 or Windows 95 OSR2.1 is the version that offers support for hardware -based bus Universal Serial Bus/ USB.
- Windows 95 C - or Windows 95 OSR2.5 includes all the features above, plus Internet Explorer 4.0. This version is the most recently released version of Windows 95 series.
Windows 95 OSR2, OSR2.1 and OSR2.5 not released to the public, but only to OEMs who want to use the operating system into the computer makes. Some companies even sell OEM disk only with Windows 95 OSR2 operating system in it.
Besides the features contained in Windows 95, Microsoft also introduced Microsoft Plus! for Windows 95 that includes several additional features that are not owned by Windows 95.
Windows NT 4.0
Microsoft released Windows NT 4.0, as the successor to Windows NT 3.x successful threaten the dominance of Novell Netware and UNIX in the corporate market. Windows NT 4.0 was initially developed as a part of an effort to introduce to the market of Windows NT workstations. NT 4.0 has the same interface withWindows 95 , but using the same kernel with Windows NT, making it more stable.Indeed, there is a patch products available for Windows NT 3.51 NT 3.51 that could make for something like NT 4.0, but is very unstable and has many bugs . The user interface was initially developed on Windows NT, but because Windows 95 was released prior before NT 4.0, then people tend to think "Windows NT 4.0 is a copy of Windows 95."
Windows NT 4.0 comes in four versions:
- Windows NT 4.0 Workstation
- Windows NT 4.0 Server
- Windows NT 4.0 Server, Enterprise Edition (which includes support forclustering and SMP up to 8-way)
- Windows NT 4.0 Terminal Server
Windows 98
On June 25 1998 , Microsoft released an operating system is Windows only, known as Windows 98. Windows 98 is considered as a minor revision of Windows 95, but are generally viewed much more stable and reliable than its predecessor, Windows 95. Windows 98 includes many drivers hardware and support new file system isFAT32 which is better, which allows the partition to have a capacity larger than 2gigabytes , a restriction contained in Windows 95. USB support in Windows 98 was also much better than its predecessor.
Windows 98 invited controversy when Microsoft entered the web browser Microsoft Internet Explorer into the operating system and can not be revoked, making Windows Explorer and the Windows GUI is able to display the directory as if the web page. This opens up new cases, referred to as the United States versus Microsoft , who asked why Microsoft even bother to maintain its dominance in personal computer operating system to compete with rivals such as Netscape andIBM in a way that is not honest.
In 1999 , Microsoft released Windows 98 Second Edition, a release that offers many improvements compared to previous versions. Internet Connection Sharing , which is a form of Network Address Translation , which allows several machines in a local network in order to use a single connection point Internet together was introduced in this version. Many minor problems in Windows that long has been corrected, which makes the Windows 98 by many to be a version of Windows 9x is the most stable among all the other versions of Windows 9x.
Windows 2000
Microsoft released Windows 2000 on 17 February 2000 , an earlier version known as Windows NT 5.0 or NT 5.0. " Version of Windows 2000 is aimed at twomarkets , namely market shareworkstations as well as market shareserver .
Among the features of the most significant Windows 2000 is Active Directory , a model of tissue replacement network model NT domain , which usestechnology which is the industry standard, such as Domain Name System (DNS), Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) and Kerberos for link between a machine to another. Windows Terminal Services as well, which in Windows NT 4.0 is only contained in one product, the Windows 2000 contained in all versions of the server. New features are adopted from the Windows 98 also instilled in them, such as an improved Device Manager (using the Microsoft Management Console ), Windows Media Player , and DirectX 1.6 (which allows theoperating system kernel-based Windows NT to run the game ). Windows 2000 also is based versions of Windows NT kernel that does not require that past users to do the activation to it.
Although Windows 2000 can update computers that were previously running Windows 98 , Windows 2000 is not considered as products suitable for home users. The reason many, among them the lack of device drivers for many devices such as scanner users ( scanner ) and also the printer ( printer ), at the time of release. The situation was finally turned on when Windows XP was released by Microsoft.
Windows 2000 is available in six editions, namely:
- Windows 2000 Professional
- Windows 2000 Server
- Windows 2000 Advanced Server
- Windows 2000 Datacenter Server
- Windows 2000 Advanced Server Limited Edition
- Windows 2000 Datacenter Server Limited Edition
Windows Me
In September 2000 , Microsoft introduced the Windows Millennium Edition (also known as Windows Me or Windows ME).This version update Windows 98 with the support of multimedia and the Internetbetter. This version also includes features of " System Restore , "which allows its users to restore the system state to a known point fine, when the operating system failure. System Restore is a feature that is retained in Windows XP .This version also introduces Windows Movie Maker is the first version.
Windows Me was made in a short time, approximately only one year, which is intended only to fill the gap between the release of Windows 98 and Windows XP as the operating system for home-based classes. The features contained in Windows Me (like Internet Explorer 5.5 , Windows Media Player 7.0, and Microsoft DirectX 7.1 ) can even be obtained for free from the website of Windows Update , except for System Restore. As a result, Windows Me was not regarded as an operating system is unique among his brothers from a family of Windows 9x, Windows 95 andWindows 98 . Windows Me also been criticized because of the emergence of stability problems, and also support for MS-DOS running in real mode. The people even mention Windows Me as Windows Mistake Edition.
Windows Me is the last operating system created by the kernel monolithic Windows 9x and MS-DOS . This version became the final version of the Windows operating system that does not have a Windows Product Activation (WPA).
[ edit ]Windows XP : to unite the two product lines
Pada tahun 2001, Microsoft memperkenalkan Windows XP (yang memiliki nama kode "Whistler" selama pengembangan. Akhirnya, setelah merilis beberapa versi Windows berbasis Windows 9x dan NT, Microsoft berhasil menyatukan kedua jajaran produk tersebut. Windows XP menggunakan kernel Windows NT 5.1, sehingga menjadikan kernel Windows NT yang terkenal dengan kestabilannya memasuki pasar konsumen rumahan, untuk menggantikan produk Windows 9x yang berbasis 16 / 32-bit yang sudah menua.
Windows XP merupakan versi sistem operasi Windows yang paling lama (paling tidak hingga saat ini), karena memang berkisar dari tahun 2001 hingga tahun 2007 , saat Windows Vista dirilis ke konsumen. Jajaran sistem operasi Windows XP akhirnya diteruskan oleh Windows Vista pada 30 Januari 2007 .
Windows XP tersedia dalam beberapa versi:
- Windows XP Home Edition , yang ditujukan untuk pasar desktop dan laptop rumahan.
- Windows XP Home Edition N , sama seperti Home Edition yang biasa, tapi tidak memiliki Windows Media Player , karena memang peraturan Uni Eropatidak memperbolehkannya.
- Windows XP Professional , yang ditujukan bagi para power user dan pebisnis.
- Windows XP Professional N , sama seperti Professional Edition, tapi tidak memiliki Windows Media Player , karena peraturan Uni Eropa tidak mengizinkannya.
- Windows XP Media Center Edition (MCE), dirilis pada bulan November 2002 , merupakan Windows XP Home Edition yang ditujukan untuk dektop dan laptop dengan penekanan pada hiburan rumahan.
- Windows XP Media Center Edition 2003
- Windows XP Media Center Edition 2004
- Windows XP Media Center Edition 2005 , yang dirilis pada 12 Oktober2004 .
- Windows XP Tablet PC Edition , yang ditujukan untuk PC Tablet ( PC denganlayar sentuh )
- Windows XP Tablet PC Edition 2005
- Windows XP Embedded , yang ditujukan untuk sistem benam ( embedded system )
- Windows XP Starter Edition , yang ditujukan untuk para pengguna komputer di beberapa negara berkembang .
- Windows XP Professional x64 Edition , yang dirilis pada 25 April 2005 untuk sistem-sistem rumahan dan workstation yang menggunakan prosesor 64-bit yang berbasiskan set instruksi x86-64 ( AMD64 atau Intel EM64T ).
- Windows XP 64-bit Edition , merupakan sebuah versi Windows XP yang ditujukan untuk jajaran prosesor Intel Itanium , yang mempertahankan kompatibilitas dengan aplikasi 32-bit dengan menggunakan emulator perangkat lunak . Versi ini sama saja dengan Windows XP Professional, dari segi fitur-fiturnya. Produk ini dihentikan pada bulan September 2005 saat vendor terakhir workstationberbasis prosesor Itanium menghentikan produk-produknya sebagai "workstation", karena memang mereka cenderung memfokuskan Itanium sebagai basis komputer server .
- Windows XP 64-bit Edition 2003 , dibuat berbasiskan basis kode Windows NT 5.2 (sama seperti Windows Server 2003 ).
n == Windows Server 2003 ==
Pada tanggal 24 April 2003 , Microsoft meluncurkan Windows Server 2003 , sebuah pembaruan untuk sistem operasi Windows 2000 Server , yang menawarkan banyak fitur-fitur keamanan yang baru, pemandu " Manage Your Server wizard " yang menyederhanakan peranan sebuah mesin yang menjalankannya, dan juga peningkatan kinerja. Windows Server 2003 menggunakan kernel Windows NT versi 5.2.
Di dalam Windows Server 2003, beberapa layanan yang tidak terlalu dibutuhkan di dalam lingkungan server dinonaktifkan secara default , terutama " Windows Audio " dan " Themes " demi alasan kestabilan; Agar dapat menggunakan suara dan tampilan yang sama dengan Windows XP , pengguna harus mengaktifkannya secara manual, melalui snap-in Microsoft Management Console
Services.mscSelain itu, akselerasi perangkat keras untuk kartu grafis juga dimatikan; lagi-lagi pengguna harus mengaktifkannya secara manual, tentu saja jika device driver yang digunakan "bisa dipercayai".Pada bulan Desember 2005 , Microsoft merilis Windows Server 2003 R2 , yang merupakan Windows Server 2003 Service Pack 1 ditambah dengan beberapa paket tambahan. Di antara semua fitur-fitur barunya adalah fitur-fitur manajemeuntuk kantor-kantor cabang, dan integrasi identitas yang luas.
Windows Server 2003 tersedia dalam lima buah edisi:
- Windows Server 2003, Web Edition
- Windows Server 2003, Standard Edition
- Windows Server 2003, Enterprise Edition (32-bit dan 64-bit)
- Windows Server 2003, Datacenter Edition
- Windows Server 2003, Small Business Server
Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs sebagai platform thin client
Pada bulan Juli 2006 , Microsoft merilis sebuah versi Windows XP Service Pack 2 , yang ditujukan untuk pasar thin-client , yang disebut sebagai Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs (WinFLP). WinFLP hanya tersedia bagi para pelanggan Microsoft Software Assurance . Tujuan dibuatnya WinFLP adalah untuk memberikan pilihan upgrade kepada para pelanggannya yang masih menggunakanWindows 95 , Windows 98 , Windows Me , dan Windows NT Workstation . Sebagian besar aplikasi pengguna dijalankan di atas mesin jarak jauh dengan menggunakan Terminal Services atau Citrix .
Windows Vista
Setelah meraih kesukesan besar dengan Windows XP, Microsoft tidak lantas berhenti begitu saja mengembangkan Windows. Versi terbaru dari Windows, disebut dengan Windows Vista , dirilis pada tanggal 30 November 2006 [1] bagi kalangan bisnis sementara untuk kalangan pengguna rumahan dirilis pada tanggal 30 Januari 2007. Windows Vista memang dicanangkan agar memiliki keamanan yang lebih tangguh dibandingkan dengan versi-versi sebelumnya, dengan memperkenalkan sebuah modus pengguna yang terbatas, yang disebut sebagai User Account Control (UAC), untuk menggantikan filosofi " administrator-by-default " yang diberlakukan pada Windows XP. Windows Vista juga memperkenalkan fitur grafik yang jauh lebih "memikat", yang disebut dengan Windows Aero GUI , aplikasi yang baru (seperti halnya Windows Calendar , Windows DVD Maker dan beberapa game baru termasuk Chess Titans , Mahjong , dan Purble Place ). Selain itu, Windows Vista juga menawarkan versi Microsoft Internet Explorer yang lebih aman, serta Windows Media Player versi baru (versi 11).
Windows Vista menggunakan nomor versi 6.0, sehingga memang terdapat perbedaan versi yang signifikan jika dibandingkan dengan Windows XP yang menggunakan nomor versi 5.1 atau Windows Server 2003 (5.2). Karena, memang Windows Vista memiliki banyak perbedaan yang mendasar, khususnya pada bagian arsitektur dasar sistem operasi .
Windows Vista dijual dalam beberapa edisi:
- Windows Vista Starter
- Windows Vista Home Basic
- Windows Vista Home Premium
- Windows Vista Business
- Windows Vista Enterprise
- Windows Vista Ultimate
Windows Home Server
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Windows Home Server(sebelumnya memiliki nama kode Q singkatan dari Quattro ) merupakan sebuah produk server yang diturunkan dari Windows Server 2003 , yang didesain khusus untuk digunakan oleh para konsumen dari pengguna rumahan. Sistem operasi ini diperkenalkan pada tanggal 7 Januari 2007 oleh Bill Gates . Windows Home Server dapat dikonfigurasikan dan dipantau dengan menggunakan program console yang dapat diinstalasikan pada sebuah PC klien. Windows ini memiliki fitur Media Sharing, backup terhadap drive lokal dan drive jarak jauh, dan duplikasi berkas.
[ sunting ]Windows Server 2008
Windows Server 2008, adalah sebuah versi baru Windows Server , yang dijadwalkan untuk dirilis pada tanggal 27 Februari 2008 . Pada saat pengembangannya, Windows Server memiliki nama kode " Windows Server Codenamed Longhorn." Windows Server 2008 dibangun di atas beberapa keunggulan teknologi dan keamanan yang pada awalnya diperkenalkan dengan Windows Vista , dan ditujukan agar bisa lebih modular secara signifikan, ketimbang pendahulunya, Windows Server 2003 .
Windows 7
Artikel utama untuk bagian ini adalah: Rilis selanjutnya setelah Windows Vista adalah Windows 7, yang sebelumnya dikenal dengan sebutan Blackcomb dan Vienna . Saat pertama kali dirilis, Windows ini memiliki kernel NT versi 6.1 build 7600, yaitu perbaikan dari Windows Vista dimana saat rilis pertama memiliki kernel NT 6.0 build 6000. Windows 7 yang dirilis pada tanggal 22 Oktober 2009 ini memiliki keamanan dan fitur yang baru, diantaranya adalah: Jump List, Taskbar yang membuka program dengan tampilan kecil, Windows Media Player 12, Internet Explorer 8, dan lain-lain. Beberapa fitur yang unik adalah Sidebar yang berganti nama menjadi Gadget dan bebas ditaruh kemana-mana pada desktop (tidak seperti Sidebar yang hanya bisa diletakkan di tempat tertentu). Fitur itu membuat Windows 7 menjadi menarik. Spesifikasi Windows 7 lebih ringan dan harganya juga lebih murah dari pada Windows Vista.
Sama seperti Windows Vista, Windows 7 juga terdiri 6 edisi yaitu:
- Windows 7 Starter
- Windows 7 Home Basic
- Windows 7 Home Premium
- Windows 7 Professional
- Windows 7 Ultimate
- Windows 7 Enterprise
History of Windows in the timeline (timeline)
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